Positive Psychology

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, sensitivity to rejection and irrational beliefs in predicting depression and anxiety in divorced women. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive one. The population included all divorced women in Arak and the sample was obtained by available sampling. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Levibond, 1995), self-compassion scale (Raes, 2011), Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1968), and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between sensitivity as well as irrational beliefs and depression and an inverse relationship between self-compassion and depression (p<0/01). Also, the relationship between sensitivity to rejection and irrational beliefs with anxiety was direct and the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety was inverse (p<0/01). The results of the regression analysis also showed that irrational beliefs predicts 26.9% (p<0.01) and sensitivity to rejection 2.8% (p<0.05) of depression changes. Also, sensitivity to rejection predicts 22.3% (p<0.01) and self-compassion 5.7% (p<0.01) of anxiety changes. Accordingly, sensitivity to rejection is an important construct in predicting anxiety and depression among divorced women. At the same time, irrational beliefs are more important in experiencing depression and self-compassion in experiencing anxiety in this group of people. 

Abstract Children are the most important human asset in any country and improving their mental health is one of the most important duties of all respective institutions. The family, especially the mother, plays a very important role in this regard. The purpose of this research is to predict children’s emotional security based on family function and mothers’ patience concerning elementary school boys. The study was a descriptive-correlational one and the statistical population included all elementary school students of the Khorram Abad and their mothers in the educational year 2021–2022. A sample of 351 people was selected by random cluster sampling, who were then asked to fill out Patience Questionnaires by Khormai, Farmani and Soltani (2014), Emotional Security Questionnaires by Bruner et al. (2008), and the Family Functioning Questionnaire by Epstein, Bishop and Baldwin (1983). Regression analysis was used for analyzing the data. The results showed that family function and mother's patience could significantly predict emotional security of their children (F=215.23, p˂0.0001). It seems that proper family function along with mother’s patience, as a moral virtue, can play an important role in the emotional health of children.

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between parents' emotional divorce on the one hand and identity crisis, emotional resilience and social adjustment in adolescents on the other. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population of this research included all the children whose parents' marital relations led to emotional divorce. Purposeful sampling  was used by referring to counseling centers and Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size. The measurement instruments included Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, Identity Crisis Questionnaire by Ahmadi (2016),  and Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale by Merl et al (2011). In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used (using the structural equation modeling), which was carried out by SPSS. The results showed there is a significant relationship between emotional divorce in parents and identity crisis and emotional resilience of adolescents; however, no relationship was observed between emotional divorce and social adjustment of teenagers. These results showed that parents' emotional divorce can be a risk factor for the high-stress period of adolescence.

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapeutic approach on the meaning of life in couples with in cold emotional relationship. The current research was practical regarding its purpose and method. It was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study using a control group. The statistical population of this research included women with cold emotional relationships aging 25-35 years in Ahvaz in 2020-2021. 30 women with cold emotional relationship were selected as a sample using available sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) and answered the Meaning in Life Questionnaire by Steger et al. (2006). The experimental group received 8 sessions of Grant's solution-oriented therapy (2011). The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance using SPSS v.19. The findings showed that solution-oriented therapy was effective on the meaning in life of couples with cold emotional relationships in the experimental group (p<0.05). The findings indicated that solution-oriented therapy using techniques such as emotional control in relationships Sincerely, validating the spouse's various experiences, identifying therapeutic potentials and encouraging autonomy, focusing on finding solutions, and identifying denied needs can be used as an effective method to improve the meaning in life for couples with cold emotional relationship

Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological flexibility of women suffering from marital burnout. The study was semi-experimental, using pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all married women with marital dissatisfaction who referred to counseling centers in the District 17 of Tehran in 2022. From this statistical population, 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The cognitive flexibility inventory by Dennis and Vanderwal (2010) was used to collect data. The cognitive-behavioral counseling sessions were organized in 8 sessions, lasting 4 weeks with two sessions a week, and with each session being held in 90 minutes. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results of the data analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on the psychological flexibility of women suffering from marital heartbreak in the experimental group, with the women in the experimental group showed higher psychological flexibility than the women in the control group. Based on the results of this study,  health professionals can use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve psychological flexibility in women suffering from marital burnout.

Abstract The current research was an attempt to investigate the capability of academic competence of adolescents model based on adolescent perception of parenting methods, self-impairment, procrastination, vitality, and academic motivation with the mediating role of problem-solving perception. The study was based on the philosophy of positivism and adopted an inductive approach with practical goals, and used field studies and descriptive correlation method. Also, it used quantitative method of data collection, and, it is of the structural equation modeling regarding its statistical analysis. The statistical population of the study included all the teenagers studying in Arak, Iran in the age range of 15 to 18. In this research, 573 people were selected in 2019 using available sampling. The instruments includes the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales  by Diperna and Elliott (1999), Problem Solving Inventory by Hepner and Peterson (1988), and the Academic Vitality Questionnaire by Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (2002), Hermans's Prestatie Motivatie Test (Hermans, 1970), Solomon and Rothblum's Academic Procrastination Scale (2001), Perceived Parenting Style Scale by Divya & Manikandan (2013), and Self-handicapping Scale (Midgley and Urdan, 2001). Amos v. 24 and R software v. 4.0.2 (Lavaan, Eenergy, RVAideMemoire Package) were used for statistical analyses. The results showed that the predictor variables play a significant role in explaining the variance of academic competence. Meanwhile, perception of problem solving with the highest direct effect (0.67) and the perception of parenting methods with a direct and indirect effect of 0.79 play a significant role in explaining the changes related to academic competence.