Positive Psychology

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of perceived parenting styles in predicting psychological hardiness and self-compassion among second-grade elementary school students in Arak city. The statistical population of the present study included all female students in the second-grade elementary school of District 1 of Arak city in the academic year 1401-1402, who were selected through convenient sampling method from 335 female students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of elementary school. The data collection tools included the Reis Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2011), the Kubasa Hardiness Questionnaire (1982), and the Perceived Parenting Scale of Grolink et al. (1997). The collected data were analyzed using a latent variable structural equation model using SPSS version 27 and R version 4.0.2. The results showed that the overall model had a very good fit in terms of explanation and fit. The results showed that the mother's perceived parenting styles played a role in predicting psychological toughness and the father's perceived parenting styles played a role in predicting self-compassion among second-year elementary school students in Arak. Therefore, paying attention to healthy parenting methods in the family environment can provide a suitable environment for the normal emotional and psychological development of children.

Abstract Cancer is a devastating and debilitating chronic disease that affects both patients and their family members. There is evidence confirming that caring for relatives with chronic diseases by family members can be very challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict caregiving burden based on cancer patient anxiety/depression and self-compassion in primary caregivers. This research falls within the category of descriptive-correlational studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of all cancer patients and their primary caregivers who had referred to Ayatollah Khansari Hospital in Arak. A sample size of 146 participants was determined based on correlation sample size calculations and selected through purposive sampling. The Caregiving Stress Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and Reese Self-Compassion Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS through Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between patient anxiety depression and caregivers' caregiving stress, and there is a negative relationship between caregiver self-compassion and caregiving stress. Based on these findings, the role of informal caregivers in promoting the health of chronically ill family members is recognized. Therefore, it is recommended that attention be given to the mental health of patients and the strengthening of protective factors in caregivers, in order to mitigate caregiving burden as a potentially erosive variable.
 

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between parents' emotional divorce on the one hand and identity crisis, emotional resilience and social adjustment in adolescents on the other. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population of this research included all the children whose parents' marital relations led to emotional divorce. Purposeful sampling  was used by referring to counseling centers and Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size. The measurement instruments included Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, Identity Crisis Questionnaire by Ahmadi (2016),  and Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale by Merl et al (2011). In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used (using the structural equation modeling), which was carried out by SPSS. The results showed there is a significant relationship between emotional divorce in parents and identity crisis and emotional resilience of adolescents; however, no relationship was observed between emotional divorce and social adjustment of teenagers. These results showed that parents' emotional divorce can be a risk factor for the high-stress period of adolescence.